People With A Personality Disorder - 872 Words

Psychopaths are people with a personality disorder and this condition may be confused with antisocialism. According to the article What Is a Psychopath? The term â€Å"psychopath† was first applied to these people around 1900. The term was changed to â€Å"sociopath† in the 1930s to emphasize the damage they do to society. Currently researchers have returned to using the term â€Å"psychopath.† There are several characteristics that tell whether a person is a psychopath or not. Not caring for others is one of them; the person does not feel emotions for others. Similarly, they tend to show a lack of emotion, such as guilt, shame and fear. Also, it is very notable their insincere speech, and that is very close to lying. Moreover, they are overconfident and selfish. Although they are so focused on themselves they tend to fail in any plan in their lives. Violence is what have me worrying about them since they can become serial killers. In my opinion, psychopaths ar e not useful in society due to the fact that they do not feel anything for anybody. People do not know when they are planning something awful such as robbing a bank, assaulting people or killing someone. On the other hand, they can be the best lawyers as they are smarts and great liars. Therefore, if they lie in front of a judge their facial features would not change. On one hand, psychopaths could be a problem for society. The lack of feelings is the main reason I think they could not be useful. A psychopath surgeon is definitelyShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Borderline Personality Disorder1323 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Borderline Personality Disorder The Study of Borderline Personality Disorder Olivia Wright Blue Ridge Community College Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) falls into cluster b category which is characterized as dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders. People with borderline personality disorder are characterized by their volatile and unstable relationships; they tend to have persistent problems in early adulthood, with frequent hospitalization, unstable personalRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1556 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe that antisocial personality disorder is a faà §ade for criminals to receive lesser sentences by being diagnosed with a medical disorder. However, antisocial personality disorder is not just having and being a sociopathic person; it is a constant struggle. Antisocial personality disorder is a rare personality disorder with mental conditions that has short and long-term effects on a patient’s life. This literature review aims to characterize antisocial personality disorder by addressingRead MoreClinical Description Of Schizoid Personality Disorder1224 Words   |  5 Pages Schizoid Personality Disorder Amber Chancey Pasco Hernando State College CLP 2140: Abnormal Psychology Jodi Savell December 4th, 2015 Schizoid Personality Disorder Clinical Description 1. Presentation of problem Schizoid Personality Disorder is a personality disorder in which an individual chooses to avoid close relationships with other people, takes pleasure in little, if any, activities, appears to be indifferent to others’ opinions of them, and they are typically asexual. ManyRead MoreAn Examination Of Paranoid Personality Disorder862 Words   |  4 PagesParanoid Personality Disorder Introduction Paranoid personality disorder is a mental disorder that is classified as a â€Å"Class A† or â€Å"abnormal behavior.† This means that individuals with a paranoid personality disorder are overtly arrogant, mistrustful, suspicious of others, driven, industrious, and even successful in solitary careers, unromantic, typically high-minded and severely observant towards the external environment (Akhtar, 1990). The first descriptive case study of paranoid personality disorderRead MoreThe Personality Disorder ( Ocd )1578 Words   |  7 PagesWith A Personality Disorder Personality is the characteristics and traits of a person that makes them unique. Disorders, such as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder(OCD), can alter that person’s personality and behaviors and stun them from being able to mature, communicate and interact with society properly, and can interfere with their daily life routines. There are nine different known personality disorders. (Borderline Emotionally). Many personality disordersRead MoreTaking An Abnormal Psychology Class1419 Words   |  6 Pageshow the human mind works, the different disorders, and ways to help people that may be suffering from the many disorders that we covered. As I have mentioned throughout the semester, I or someone I know has or is suffering from many of the disorders we have discussed. I personally have struggled with addiction and bulimia in my past, and I feel that learning more in-depth can assist me in my future if I have a student that also struggles with similar disorders. My father suffers from schizophreniaRead MorePersonality Disorders: What you should know. A way to think about a personality disorder is to1200 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality Disorders: What you should know. A way to think about a personality disorder is to think about someone who is complex because personality disorders are not a simple health concern. There is so much involved with these disorders. A person’s life can revolve around a personality disorder due to the fact that it is a mental issue. (Mayo Clinic, 2014). There is a stigma around the idea of mental disorder. People assume that a person with any type of mental disorder is dangerous or harmfulRead MoreSamantha Garland Disorder of Interest Paper 1359 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Disorder of Interest Paper Psy/275 Samantha Garland 01/26/2015 Jacqueline Gat/wood Antisocial Personality Disorder Every person is commonly known for their unique personality, and the traits each of us have that are different than others. One thing many people suffer from is some Personality Disorder such as Antisocial Personality Disorder. Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a disorder that is going against and violating other peoples rights (Corner, 2014). Individuals with this disorderRead MoreEssay on Personality Disorders and Deviant Behavior1235 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality Disorders and Deviant Behavior People who suffer from personality disorders often display deviant behavior. The mental illness itself is not deviant. They typically have problems with social skills, mood swings, emotional states, and are often unable to maintain healthy, stable relationships. Many sufferers do not possess the capability to have genuine emotions, including empathy for others. A personality disorder is the basis of many circumstances of maladaptive behavior includingRead MoreNarcissistic Personality Disorder ( Npd )1578 Words   |  7 PagesDSM-IV-TR Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is characterized by symptoms that include grandiosity, an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy for others. This type of personality disorder is related to another disordered called, histrionic personality disorder. In both disorders, individuals act in a dramatic manner, seek respect from others, and are shallow in their emotional expressions and relationships with others. People with h istrionic personality disorder seek approval of

Julius Caesar The Story Of A Man Who Changed The World

Julius Caesar Intro to Humanities Eric Caudill [JULIUS CAESAR: THE STORY OF A MAN WHO CHANGED THE WORLD] Julius Caesar was one of the largest public figures during the first century BC. He was a Roman statesman, a general, and he was even a well-respected author of prose. He was the catalyst that pushed the Roman Republic to transition into the Roman Empire. He achieved more than most in his fifty-five year lifespan. This may have been due to his great leadership abilities but also, â€Å"Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders in history† (Goldsworthy, 89). Caesar was not someone who came from humble beginnings; he was born into a patrician family on the 13th of July 100 BC. His family was one of the most powerful in Rome at the time and controlled many political and economic (very closely related at that time in history) in the area. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar and at 16 he became the head of his family as his father had suddenly died. After some internal struggle in the family he had to go into hiding to save his life. There were people out for blood and he was caught on the wrong side of the battle. After this cleared up he decided to join the army to be away from all the drama that was going on in his family. Once he joined the army he felt at home immediately. He served under Marcus Thermus in Asia and then under Servilius Isauricus in Cilicia and they bought thought very highly of him. HeShow MoreRelatedJulius Caesar : A Reflection Of Politics934 Words   |  4 Pagesoverthrown, this cycle of human interaction is what not only binds Julius Caesar to today’s politics but to history in general.Throughout this assignment I will be speaking on how Julius Caesar is reflective of politics today. The first reason I believe that the story of Julius Caesar can be a reflection of todays politics is because of the personalities that we see in power or attempting to obtain it. Shakespeare used symbolism in Caesar, Anthony, Brutus, and Cassius to create a spectrum of charactersRead MoreEssay about Shakespeares Manipulation of History Through Literature1422 Words   |  6 PagesEngland. To please him, he altered many features of characters, as well as add in fictional characters. This changed the plot of the story greatly, making it very different from the story Shakespeare bases it off of. In addition, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar also features these fictional pieces to avoid complicating the plot of the story. The assassination of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is still, to this day, one of the greatest and complicated murder cases in history. Because of this, ShakespeareRead MoreComparing Julius Caesar s The Twelve Caesars 1729 Words   |  7 PagesJulius Caesar’s mindse t influenced the history of his people. He was born July 12, 100 b.c in Rome as Gaius Julius Caesar, known today as Julius Caesar. He was a Praetor, Aedile, Consul, Pontifex Maximus, and dictator for life, and his greatest achievement is changing the Roman republic to the Roman empire. His life ended tragically when he was stabbed twenty three times by his political enemies. Creating the Roman empire changed the history of his people. The three main sources used in this essayRead MoreJulius Caesar by William Shakespeare646 Words   |  3 Pagesgreatest tragedies is the story of Julius Caesar. In this story, the main character, Julius Caesar, is plotted against his best friend, Brutus, and the head of the conspiracy, Cassius. After Caesar gets assassinated, his right hand man, Mark Antony, tries to get revenge on the people that killed him. However, in this particular story, the main character is not the tragic hero. The tragic hero, Brutus, is the most consistent throughout the play unlike the other three characters, Caesar, Antony, and CassiusRead MoreJulius Caesar s Death And The Fallout After It1721 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar is one of his most monumental plays that cover Julius Caesar’s death and the fallout after it. He got the material for this play from a Greek writing called the Life of Julius Caesar. This was actually a famous biography written by Plutarc h in the first century, I was later translated by Sir Thomas North in 1579. Published in 1599 this play is assumed to be the first to be ever preformed in the famous Globe Theater, it was a smash success that moved audiencesRead MoreLord Of The Flies And Julius Caesar Character Analysis1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe world is a sphere that consists of a variety of entities. It has evolved over time due to different encounters. This embodies the people of our world today. Round and dynamic people are fully developed characters of society, and they change throughout the actions in their life. This is the same as round and dynamic characters in a story. Specifically, the characters of Ralph in Lord of the Flies, and Marcus Brutus in Julius Caesar are prime examples of enlivened roles in their stories. RalphRead MoreEssay about Comparing Things Fall Apart with Julius Caesar1425 Words   |  6 Pagesplay, Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare, both have main characters who have hurbis. Okon kwo and Julius Caesar are main characters in both stories. An honorable man, Okonkwo tries to better than what his father was and gain great titles in his tribe. He then commits a female crime and gets exiled for seven years. When he returns, he realizes the missionaries have changed what his clan believes in. His clan no longer fights for what they believe in. Almost crowned dictator of Rome, Julius Caesar thoughtRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Julius Caesar1050 Words   |  5 Pagessaid â€Å"The pen is mightier than the sword.† I agree wholeheartedly with this statement. Evidence that supports this claim can be found in both Shakespeare’s play â€Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar† and in the modern day example of Malala Yousafzai. In Julius Caesar, Mark Antony uses words to convince the citizens of Rome that Caesar was a successful leader and not someone they should celebrate the death of. Also, the conspirators use words to convince Brutus to join their cause. Witho ut Brutus, the plan neverRead MoreTwo Old Women, by Velma Wallis Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesThe world is filled with many different types of societies and cultures. This is due to the fact that many people share dissimilar beliefs and ideas, as well as diverse ways of life. People lived under different circumstances and stipulations, therefore forming cultures and societies with ideas they formulated, themselves. These two factors, society and culture, are what motivate people to execute the things that they do. Many times, however, society and culture can cause downgrading effects to anRead MoreEssay on Cleopatra896 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;History is full of reputable individuals. The stories of their lives will forever live in our history books. Whether being remembered for their strength, courage, or honor, or even for their treachery, we remember those who came before us. If one character could stand out in Egyptian history, none other would be so wor thy as Cleopatra would. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cleopatra was an intelligent, political, and ambitious woman who changed the history of Egypt. She was only seventeen years

Reputation Formation for Biographical Highlights- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReputation Formation for Biographical Highlights. Answer: Thesis Statement: The selected diva is Nouhad Wadie Haddad, popularly known as Fairuz. The selected factors are the personal characteristics, public image and other traits, her personal life, media reputation and controversies associated with her. Nouhad Wadie Haddad, popularly known as Fairuz or Fairouz, is a famous singer and respected living legend in the Arab world. She is one of the most admired personalities and her melodious songs are heard constantly throughout their region. She came into limelight after appearing at the Lebanese Nights. Formerly, she is known as the Ambassador of the Arabs, titled from one of her albums named, The Moons Neighbor. Her musical aptitude and pretty voice became noticeable in the community she lived in. She started performing at a very young age, in school celebrations and festivals. A local musician noticed her and encouraged to join his music classes to receive basic training. From there, her journey to the world of music began (Almashriq.hiof.no 2017). Fairuzs self motivating nature, pretty voice, bold and courageous characteristics won the hearts of many people. Being a public figure, she presented Arab femininity, local loyalty, human decency and accomplishment, which is recognized by people over generations. In the onset of the twenty first century, her impactful performances successfully won the hearts of the then young generation. People remained in awe of her personality and music. During the period of her vocal training, she learned reciting the Quran, as this was viewed as a necessary element for correct pronunciation and understanding elegant Arabic language as well as its poetry (Biography.yourdictionary.com 2017). Born to an orthodox and poor family of Lebanon origin, Fairuzs life was filled with joy and happiness. Since her childhood, Fairuz had a knack for singing and sang at schools events. Her father saved some money from his limited income, for the education of his children. She was admitted to the Saint Joseph School for Girls but later due to World War II, she moved to some public school. She attended school, where her pretty voice got immediate recognition by a trained musician. She converted her religion after getting married to Assi Rahbani, who again framed her career in singing. Her contribution to Arab worlds music is imperishable. She has been a world renowned singer, famous for her accomplishment in musical career and commitment she has to the values and concerns of Lebanon culture as well as the Arabian world (Almashriq.hiof.no 2017). In her youth, Fairuz met enthusiastic music listeners all over Lebanon. One of her meetings was with the Rahbani brothers, Mansour and Assi. They were the rising talents as lyricist and composer respectively. They collaborated and composed modern Western tunes into Arabian music. The trio got huge public exposure and people loved their taste of music. They started producing experimental forms of music of various genres (Doyle 2016). In several instances, Fairuzs music expressed graceful qualities, which extended the appeal to the listeners belonging from different national as well as social backgrounds. Later in the year of 1954, she got married to Assi Rahbani at a church, which was attended by a huge crowd of their respective fans. She converted her religion, which didnt pose a threat for their musical careers. The married couple set up a villa in the Antelias, suburb region of Beirut, which later served as an inspiration to many of their composed songs and music (Encyclopedia.jran k.org 2017). However, her life was involved with controversies and several alleged political affiliations. Her concert at Damascus in the year 2008, angered many of her fans as well as some Lebanese politicians as it described the country Syria, as a territory of enemies. Moreover, since many of her works were written by the Rahbani brothers, after a year of Mansours death, Lebanese court banned her from performing the songs which involved the Rahbanis contributions. This occurred due to the issue being complained by one of Mansours children, which led to several protests all over the world and her fans gathered around Beiruts National Museum (Malley 2013). Fairuz has always been the hope of the Arab world; she has gained mass popularity and attention. Her great personality and sweet voice has entertained millions of people for several decades. She received immense popularity worldwide and her singing often seems effortless. She appeared on radio at the time, when the media type dominated the world. She performed Egyptian music and her shows lasted for half an hour or more. She received global appreciation, articles and several papers related to her success are published in various newspapers, journals and books. Her page on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram has millions of followers worldwide. Her interviews are broadcasted over television and at time aired on radios of the Arab world (Npr.org 2017). Fairuz was a shy kind of a person, as she mentioned in one of her personal interviews. She feared stage performances, but her love for music never faded away. Her musical aptitude and pretty voice became noticeable in the community she lived in. She started performing at a very young age, in school celebrations and festivals. A local musician noticed her and encouraged to join his music classes to receive basic training. From there, her journey to the world of music began. Her pretty voice, self motivating nature, bold and courageous characteristics won many peoples hearts (Thenational.ae 2017). Being a public figure, she presented Arab femininity, local loyalty, human decency and accomplishment, which is recognized by people over generations. In the onset of the twenty first century, her impactful performances successfully won the hearts of the then young generation. People remained in awe of her personality and music. During the period of her vocal training, she learned reciting th e Quran, as this was viewed as a necessary element for correct pronunciation and understanding elegant Arabic language. Her good qualities helped in shaping her personality and reputation, which attracted her fans (Wetzel 2013). Tragic incidents occurred to her life when her name got associated with some controversies and other alleged political affairs. Moreover, her concert at Damascus in the year 2008, angered many of her fans as well as some Lebanese politicians as it described the country Syria, as a territory of enemies. Moreover, since many of her works were written by the Rahbani brothers, after a year of Mansours death, Lebanese court banned her from performing the songs which involved the Rahbanis contributions. This occurred due to the issue being complained by one of Mansours children, which led to several protests all over the world and her fans gathered around Beiruts National Museum. In addition to this, her son sparked controversy in the year 2013, in an interview when he was regarding his mothers political vision. His statements even went viral over the social media and politicians went furious. However, her fans stood by her side and protested against it (Biography.yourdictionary.com 2017). To conclude, Fairuz is the most famous in the world of Arab, her songs her widely renowned and accepted all over the world. Her songs are popular and mostly listened among the Lebanese and Arabian groups. Her performances are widely loved by the people. She is melancholic and hieratic and becomes motionless, while performing live on stage. However, she still feels the stage fright, at times. For several decades, all the Arabic radio stations start their broadcast with her song. She became the first singer from Arab to perform at Greece and her performance was widely accepted by over nine thousand people. References Almashriq.hiof.no (2017).Fairuz - Biography. [online] Almashriq.hiof.no. Available at: https://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/700/780/fairuz/legend/biography.html [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Almashriq.hiof.no (2017).Fairuz - her music. [online] Almashriq.hiof.no. Available at: https://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/700/780/fairuz/legend/music.html [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Biography.yourdictionary.com (2017).Fairuz Facts. [online] Biography.yourdictionary.com. Available at: https://biography.yourdictionary.com/fairuz [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Cannon, M.E., 2013.Just spirituality: How faith practices fuel social action. InterVarsity Press. Doyle, P., 2016.Lebanon music. Bradt Travel Guides. Encyclopedia.jrank.org (2017).Fayruz (1933) - personal history, biographical highlights, personal chronology:, legacy of a star, influences and contributions, the worlds perspective. [online]Encyclopedia.jrank.org.Availableat:https://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/5680/Fayruz-1933.html [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Malley, R., 2013. The Essentials: Music Selections for Cultural Learning. Npr.org (2017).Fairuz: Lebanon's Voice Of Hope. [online] NPR.org. Available at: https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128431817 [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Thenational.ae (2017).Singer Fairouz dragged into Lebanons political fray. [online] The National. Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/world/singer-fairouz-dragged-into-lebanon-s-political-fray-1.314985 [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Wetzel, R., 2013.The Globalization of Music in History(Vol. 2). Routledge.

Development of Organisational Behaviour of Woolworths

Question: Discuss about the Development of Organisational Behaviour to Strengthen the Competitive Position of Woolworths. Answer: Introduction Organisational behaviour determines the study of interactive manner of the people who are working in a group. Maintaining an efficient organisational behaviour helps in establishing more effective organisational functionalities that are fruitful enough in fulfilling the purposes. In order to establish the efficient organisational behaviour, both the managers and the employees require maintaining the responsibilities more specifically (McShane, Olekalns and Travaglione 2012). The application of the scientific approaches will be effective enough in describing the underlying purpose of the organisational behaviour. The study will focus on the maintenance of organisational behaviour in Woolworths. Description of the OB model with proper theoretical evaluation will be helpful enough to make this study more enriched. Background Organisations are apparently seen as the social system, which is required to be maintained with proper behavioural aspects. While managing the organisational functionalities, it is necessary to understand the relevant way of operating them. It is considered as the field of study that helps in investigating the impact of individual group and structure. According to Thomson and van Niekerk (2012), the organisational behaviour is a human tool that helps the human being in achieving the determined personal and professional objectives. The study will focus on the organisation behaviour of Woolworths, which is the renowned retail chain in Australian market. There are 800 stores worldwide and these stores are operated by almost 30,000 staffs. The employees from each branch work for full time and part time basis. The distinct hierarchy level is found in the organisation. It is noted that at the head of the branch operates the business functionalities. The managers have the effective influenc es of employee motivation, which is helpful in shaping the organisational behaviour in a significant manner (Methner, Hamann and Nilsson 2015). The description of the theoretical model will be effective enough in understanding the insightful ideas about the proper organisational behaviour that motivates the employees to bring the efficient performance parameter. Objectives To understand the underlying concept of organisation behaviour To critically analyse the behavioural practices undertaken by Woolworths To identify the challenges faced by Woolworths while undertaking the strategies of organisational behaviour To recommend the preferable tactics for overcoming such challenges Case Issues The efficient organisational behaviour helps in restructuring the organisational process that may bring much profitability for the upcoming future. Woolworths is a renowned supermarket that has been offering quality retail products and service to the customers. However, in this current age, the increasing level of competitive scenario is somewhat affecting the internal functionalities of the company. Especially, the growing competition with Coles Group is specifying many challenges for Woolworths (Businessreviewaustralia.com 2016). The company requires restructuring the pricing strategy at the initial stage. It is to indicated that the maintenance of the unique and value added services is much beneficial for considering the strengthened position of the company in a competitive market (Spillan and Ling 2015). The company requires bringing more product variations and efficient services to draw the attention of the potential customers. Hence, the improvement of the internal functionalit ies is essential for accomplishing such purposes. The managers require concentrating on the employee motivational aspects and improvement of the organisational behaviour to facilitate the relevant changes in the internal functionalities. Case Justification In this current world, Woolworths has been facing the significant challenging scenario due to the direct competition with Coles Group. It is noted that Coles Group is introducing the value added services in order to gain the competitive advantage (King and Thobela 2014). Similarly, it is necessary for Woolworths to adopt the relevant strategy for remaining much competitive. The extra value added services, restructured pricing strategy, and focusing on the product variations would be beneficial in accomplishing such goals. However, in order to achieve such purposes, it is essential for the company to pay the attention towards the internal functionalities (Mertens et al. 2016). It can be stated that the effective performance management helps in accomplishing such objectives. If the management provide the proper motivational factors to the employees, it would be fruitful enough in enhancing the performance quality. Accordingly, the company can establish the effective organisational beha viour. Summary This section of the study discusses the introductory part based on the organisational behaviour maintained in Woolworths. The case study justifies that in this current scenario, Woolworths has been facing the direct competition with Coles Group. The company thus requires introducing more value added services along with the product variations. However, in order to accomplish such goals, the associated employees need to improve the quality of their performance. Moreover, the managers require motivating the employees to bring out the better performance efficiency. Accordingly, the organisational behaviour will be improved to achieve the pre-determined goals. The literature study in the next section will provide the insightful ideas about the relevant management practices that may improve the organisational behaviour. Organisational Behaviour Practices The continuous and frequent changes in the business market have been increasing the competition in a significant manner. The managers have to take the responsibility to manage the entire organisational functionalities to develop the proper behavioural aspect. Moreover, undertaking the fruitful organisational practices will be helpful for accomplishing the determined goals (Fitzgerald 2014). In order to strengthen the competitive position in the business market, the companies required improving the internal business functionalities. The practices include the proper planning process, feedback analysing, Group thinking, Measuring Change, and Motivating the Employees. Planning: The restructure of the organisational functionalities requires the planning process. At the initial stage, managers need to plan the entire business activities that are beneficial for bringing product variations and participating in a competitive market (Miner 2015). For example, if any retail company like Woolworths requires restructuring the internal functionalities to strengthen the competitive position, it requires planning the change in the beginning. Feedback: When the management decides to facilitate the change in the internal functionalities, it is needed to be discussed with the associated groups. The feedback received from the associated employees will specify whether the execution of the proper planning system will be beneficial for the company. It helps in increasing the reliability among the associated group. Moreover, deriving feedback from others is much helpful to bring innovative ideas of organising the relevant practices. Hence, the feedback process is much helpful practices undertaken by the managers. Group Thinking: It is essential for the managers that the associated employees have been meeting the proper standards of the work. While undertaking the relevant organisational practices to improve the organisational behaviour, the involvement of the group is necessary. It brings the positive changes for the organisation since the performance standards are higher (Watson 2013). Associated employees hold the common identity to complete any allocated job. Therefore, the assimilation of group thinking would be much beneficial in eliminating errors. Measuring Change: When the managers have been undertaking the proper functionalities, it is necessary to measure the progress report. For example, if the mangers require bringing the product variations, they need to structure the internal activities and adopt some of the technological changes (Dent and Whitehead 2013). It is necessary to review the performance parameter to identify whether there is any progress. Simultaneously, it will improve the internal organisational behaviour more specifically. Application of OB model OB model specifies the execution of the structured functionalities to accomplish the determined objectives. There are two relevant OB model can be applied for facilitating the changes in the management activities. These models are: Supportive Model: The supportive model of organisational behaviour determines the managerial orientation of support. The employees are oriented towards their participation and job performance. In order to bring the product variations and restructuring the organisational functionalities, the supportive model is much beneficial and applicable. The model is considered as the dependent on leadership strives (Pinder 2014). The managers monitor the performance of the employees and instruct them to work according to the planning schedule. It is even helpful in enhancing the performance parameter of the employees by developing their professional skills. Collegial Model: Another most applicable model is the Collegial Model, which determines the partnership with the managerial orientation of teamwork. In this current competitive environment, the efficient team performance is essential. While organising the business functionalities, it is noted that the groups of people are oriented towards the maintenance of proper responsibilities and self-discipline (Shoss et al. 2013). The major requirement of the employee is to meet the self-actualisation aspect. When the managers are making people aware of the undertaken functionalities, it is necessary to maintain the work-related responsibilities and the ethical manner. Hence, it eventually increases the performance parameter to accomplish the determined goals. The above OB models are applicable for the change management scenario. Restructuring the internal business activities and bringing the effective changes to remain competitive, the application of such OB model would be beneficial. However, the maintenance of the managerial responsibilities is necessary for motivating the employees and making them more efficient in performing in a better manner. Summary This section of the study concentrates on the underlying literature related to the diversified practices of organisational behaviour. While restructuring the internal business activities, it is essential to measure the performance and improve the performance quality of the associated employees. Applicable OB models are described in such context to identify the procedure of improving the workers. Analysis and Development Basis for designing the OB Plan for the case organisation In this study, it has been mentioned that Woolworths has been facing the direct market competition with Coles Group. It can be inferred that the demands of the customers are changing frequently in this advanced and globalised world. Each of the organisations has been undertaking the efficient strategies to remain much competitive (DuBrin 2013). However, it is noticed that improvement of the overall organisation behaviour is driving towards the efficient performance management. Woolworths has decided to bring more product variations and changes in the management functionalities. Assemble of the latest technological equipment for the proper product packaging and manufacturing process is necessary for the company. Hence, it is noted that the managers of Woolworths required motivating and learning session to the employees for bringing the efficient performance standards (Brock, Leblebici and Muzio 2014). Moreover, the major focus of the managers is to make the employees aware of the role s and responsibilities that are required for accomplishing the determined purposes. The application of the OB model is signifying the orientation of the associated workers to bring more effectiveness on their performance parameter. The major concentration is needed to be oriented towards the responsibilities of the managers and workers. The maintenance of the proper discipline to perform in a better manner can bring improvement in the operational activities (Johnson et al. 2013). The measurement of the performance progress will ensure whether the initiative is working or not. The proper motivation provided to the employees will be helpful enough in increasing the quality or standards of the performance parameter. The efficient working progress will bring improvement on the product packaging and manufacturing process. By introducing the different product features along with the product variations, the company will be able to draw the attention of the customers. Hence, the company will be able to strengthen the competitive position as well. Challenges and Requirements in OB strategy The execution of the OB strategy is not an easier process for the business organisations. Before implementing the structural strategies related to the improvement of organisational behaviour, the managers need to concentrate on the specific requirement to execute the plan. It is noted that the improvement of employees performance is beneficial in achieving the determined goals (Wagner III and Hollenbeck 2014). In such cases, the managers require providing the employees proper motivational aspect. If the employees receive the proper recognition, rewards, and facilities, it motivates them to perform in a better manner. There are several challenges taken into consideration while executing the planning of proper organisational behaviour practices. The major challenge the managers have been facing due to the changing work functionalities. It is noted that the employees become the integral part of the organisation and they have various needs and expectations as well. The difference foreseen in their attitude, beliefs, and preferences is quite difficult to manage (Saeidi et al. 2015). Another significant challenge is the motives of the employees. The managers are not fully aware of the demands of the employees and they only can presume. Hence, it becomes difficult for them to perceive the exact facility that can motivate the employees. The changing workforce is much troublesome to the managers since the employees start feeling insecure about their job retention. It is one of the most difficult tasks to generate the sense of reliability among the employees when the functionalities have been changing to accomplish the business goals (L?z?roiu 2015). The vigorous nature of needs is also much challenging for the managers while executing the sequential planning of organisational behaviour. Summary The section of the study descries the basis of the OB plan designing process. It identifies the reasons due to which Woolworths requires undertaking the changed functionalities. Moreover, this section of the study is also recognising the requirement and associated challenges for executing the proper OB strategy. Concentrating on such basic aspects would be beneficial for the managers to undertake the relevant strategic decision of improving organisational behaviour. Recommendation and Conclusion The identification of the discussion mentioned for facilitating the changed functionalities is suggesting several suitable recommendations. Firstly, the maintenance of the proper communication transparency is essential. If the managers can establish the proper communicational transparency, the employees can present their concern. Once the managers would be able to recognise the basic needs and demands of the employees, it would be helpful for them to structure the functionalities accordingly. Moreover, the managers can even motivate the employees by undertaking the relevant welfare programmes. Second, the managers of Woolworths need to adopt the advanced technologies for developing the product manufacturing and packaging process. Accordingly, the assimilation of innovative ideas and expertise skills are required. Hence, the managers require providing the employees the proper training and development process, which will be helpful enough in making them knowledgeable about using such technologies. It automatically generates the motivation among the employees and instigates them to enhance the quality of the performance. Conclusion The overall study is describing the process of developing the organisational behaviour. In this current scenario, Woolworths has been facing the significant challenges due to the direct competition with Coles Group. Therefore, the company needs to undertake the fruitful strategies to strengthen the competitive position. The company is planning to initiate the plan of introducing more varieties of products to draw the attention of the customers. In order to achieve such purposes, the company needs to restructure the internal business activities and engage the employees to work with more efficiency. Moreover, it is necessary to motivate the employees to derive the better performance outcome. The application of the OB models is also ensuring the proper motivational aspect to increase the performance parameter of the employees. References Brock, D.M., Leblebici, H. and Muzio, D., 2014. Understanding professionals and their workplaces: The mission of the Journal of Professions and Organization.Journal of Professions and Organization,1, pp.1-15. Businessreviewaustralia.com, 2016. Woolworths, Coles feeling heat from new competition. [online] Businessreviewaustralia.com. Available at: https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/finance/1679/Woolworths-Coles-feeling-heat-from-new-competition [Accessed 18 Dec. 2016]. Clay-Williams, R. and Braithwaite, J., 2015. Reframing implementation as an organisational behaviour problem: Inside a teamwork improvement intervention.Journal of health organization and management,29(6), pp.670-683. Dent, M. and Whitehead, S. eds., 2013.Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativities and the'new'professional(Vol. 19). Routledge. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Fitzgerald, A., 2014. Organisational Behaviour: Core concepts and applications. Johnson, W.B., Barnett, J.E., Elman, N.S., Forrest, L. and Kaslow, N.J., 2013. The competence constellation model: A communitarian approach to support professional competence.Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,44(5), p.343 King, L. and Thobela, S., 2014. Woolworths farming for the future.International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,17(B) King, L. and Thobela, S., 2014. Woolworths farming for the future.International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,17(B) L?z?roiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), pp.97-102. McShane, S., Olekalns, M. and Travaglione, T., 2012. Organisational Behaviour: Emerging Knowledge, Global Insights Mertens, W., Recker, J., Kummer, T.F., Kohlborn, T. and Viaene, S., 2016. Constructive deviance as a driver for performance in retail.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,30, pp.193-203. Methner, N., Hamann, R. and Nilsson, W., 2015. The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. InThe Business of Social and Environmental Innovation(pp. 87-104). Springer International Publishing. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. and Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.341-350. Shoss, M.K., Eisenberger, R., Restubog, S.L.D. and Zagenczyk, T.J., 2013. Blaming the organization for abusive supervision: The roles of perceived organizational support and supervisor's organizational embodiment.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(1), p.158. Spillan, J.E. and Ling, H.G., 2015, January. Woolworths: An Adizes Corporate Lifecycle Perspective. InBusiness History Conference. Business and Economic History On-line: Papers Presented at the BHC Annual Meeting(Vol. 13, p. 1). Business History Conference. Thomson, K. and van Niekerk, J., 2012. Combating information security apathy by encouraging prosocial organisational behaviour.Information Management Computer Security,20(1), pp.39-46. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Watson, T., 2013.Management, organisation and employment strategy: New directions in theory and practice. Routledge

Respect Ncos Essay Example

Respect Ncos Essay Respecting NCO’s is important in in a garrison environment is important because it instills good order and discipline. Order and discipline are needed in all aspects of the Army. Without it, ultimately people could die or suffer grievous bodily injury. Order and discipline is what keeps your head down in a firefight. Order and discipline is what keeps you standing tall in 100 degree Georgia heat during a change of command ceremony that you don’t want to be at. Non-Commissioned officers are known as the backbone of the Army.They have the responsibility of leading soldiers and getting the job done while the Commissioned Officer creates the conditions to get the job done. In my opinion, NCO’s are leaders more so than the officers. Throughout my time in the military I have been able to be under the leadership of both good and bad NCO’s. The good NCO’s showed me the right way to do things. While in Afghanistan, one of the two team leaders really showed w hat it means to do the job. If I had difficulty carrying out a task he’d either show me how to do it properly, or a more efficient way of doing it.But he did it in such manner that I began to figure it out myself. I was able to quickly and effectively meld into that team after being moved there from my previous team leader. He would always place his soldiers’ needs before the needs of his own. When the unit we were supporting ordered us to carry out guard shifts, though we had orders that superseded that, he stepped up to the plate and took the brunt of it. He stood not only the tower shifts he was assigned, but took mine and the other soldier assigned to the teams place.On the other hand, my first team leader in Afghanistan was the complete opposite. To me, a Private First Class at the time, it seemed that his own needs were paramount to my own needs. For example, my personally owned vehicle had been the care of a soldier in a different company when I deployed. Due to unforeseen circumstances, the soldier had to relinquish control of my personally owned vehicle to our company commander back in garrison. Again, due to unforeseen circumstances, my vehicle was towed and brought to an impound lot. I was not notified by my unit at all. My parents ere notified through the lending company through which my vehicle was purchased that this had transpired. After I was able to contact the towing company and explaining my situation, I was told I had 5 days to reclaim my vehicle otherwise it would have been considered abandoned and would be put up for auction. I informed my team leader of this situation and he said he would see what he could do. Nothing was done. So on my own dime, I flew my mother down to Georgia, paid for her hotel room, and paid to get my car released. That totaled up to about $2,000; $2000 of my hard earned money gone because my leadership failed me.

20 Research Essay Topics Ideas to Research and Write about Hellenistic Philosophies

20 Research Essay Topics Ideas to Research and Write about Hellenistic Philosophies If you are writing on Hellenistic philosophy and need a topic, consider the twenty below: Epicureans Beliefs about Knowledge and the Derived Sources for These Beliefs What Stoic Epistemology Really Is Defining Ancient Skepticism and the Influence Cicero Had On Its Growth Epicurean Cosmos: the Idea of Freedom Within; Concepts of Indeterminism and Anti-Teleology Stoic Ontology as a Criteria for Identity and How Chrysippus Contributed to the Understanding of Identity Stoic Cosmos and the Issue of Freedom Including Determinism and Teleology The Role Posidonius Played in Stoic Physics Epicureanism and the Idea of Moral End Stoic Ethics and How to Live in Accordance with Nature in Peace Different Hellenistic Theories for Affections: Stoics and Epicureans The Theory of Action Within Skepticism and Ethics How Marcus Aurelius Contributed to the Concept of Meditations Understanding Lucretius and His Contributions to â€Å"The Nature of All Things in the World† The Causes and Explanations for Philosophies of Ancient Greece The History of Ancient Medicine and Hellenistic Philosophy The Greek Philosophers of the Hellenistic Times: Contribution to the Philosophies The Epicurus’ Scientific Method and Its Relation to the Other The Transmission of Greek Wisdom Defined by Lucretius Philodemus Contribution to the Greek Understanding of Ethics Emotions, Duties, and the Fate of Those Leading a Stoic Life Aren’t those cool? Don’t forget to check our 10 facts on Hellenistic Philosophies for a research essay and a guide on how to tackle this task. Below is a sample essay on one of the above topics: Sample Research Essay on Greek Philosophers of the Hellenistic Times: Contribution to the Philosophies In the period directly following the influences of such names as Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle, there came the Hellenistic Philosophies and their many great leaders. Hellenistic philosophies arose out of a time period when Greeks had been encouraged to think of life and actions in relation to the greater political landscape, and yet the political landscape had severely changed with the Roman conquering of Greece. It was because of these changes that philosophical schools of thought transitioned their main points away from the contribution of individuals towards the changes politically. They focused instead on the role that people played in making themselves happy and accepting of the things in life as they came. Ethical thinkers transitioned away from grandiose thinking and moved toward the very small, focusing on what elements constitute the nature and the environment in which people live. This influenced the role that people played within this predetermined and microscopic world. The main school of thought during this time period revolved around the atomists. It was accepted by Epicurus, then the stoics and skeptics. Democritus and Leucippus were two famous atomists whose work included the creation of a systematic description in the world of nature. Their findings resulted in a conclusion that all things in the world were made up of small particles and that these particles were indestructible. This meant that no matter what people did, the particles would never be destroyed by them, anyone else or by their actions. According to this philosophy everything was made up of particles each of which had mechanical interactions with one another. This process accounted for everything happening in the world. Because of this theory people were paying significant attention to the consequences resulting from their actions. Another aspect to this thought was that these small particles would naturally collide and smash into one another, no matter what actions were taken; they were controlled by larger elements in the universe. The resulting teachings focused on how human life was passive, and how people could o nly experience the world around them and not control or change it. So rather than focusing efforts on attempts to modify their world or the politics guiding it, people were told that they should focus on living a good life. Living a good life was defined as enjoying more pleasant things in it rather than the unpleasant. Epicurus, the main leader of this philosophy, stated that people should attempt to live a life free from pain, need and sensual desires. It was perceived as natural and if they went not satiated it would result in a mild form of pain. This could be avoided by simply giving into these desires to achieve a pleasure in life. Another notion was that death was a natural removal of personality from the body and nothing to be feared. Instead, people should have accepted death as natural and in the meantime strive to live a life whereby they eat, drink, and remain happy. It was Zeno and Chrusippus who focused on the ideas of the Stoics to counter some of the philosophical elements found in the teachings of Epicurus. The stoics believed that people represented microcosms of the universe and that each person and their actions could be explained in a naturalistic fashion. Stoics believed most strongly, as the name would suggest, in remaining more stoic toward all things in life. Stoicism and stern attitudes were paramount to accepting the fate of life. It was argued by the Stoics that people should accept the things that happen to them and around them without complaint. It was Epicetus who heeded the call of Stoic leadership by promoting the concept that people have very little understanding of how things in the universe work and, what’s more, have very little control over any of it. It was stated that people should never become attached to things or other people in their lives, even friends or family, because all things in life were fleeting or passing and would perish with time. That said, people were encouraged to view all good things in life as a temporary blessing and all bad things as a temporary curse, both of which would naturally pass away. It was Pyrrho of Elis who formed the leading principles for the school of Skepticism. This school of thinking took the ideas of the other two even further by explaining that people should not dwell on things about which they have no knowledge. But the definition of true knowledge was an absolute comprehension, beyond any doubts. This idea was not something which many people could actually attain, and therefore, peace of mind came by not responding to the things about which people could not be absolutely sure. This also meant that people could not judge or act on situations without absolute knowledge, something that afforded a great deal of mental clarity and calmness according to the teaching. References Algra, Keimpe.  The Cambridge History Of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Print. Annas, Julia.  Hellenistic Philosophy Of Mind. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1992. Print. Brunschwig, Jacques.  Papers In Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Print. Gill, Christopher. Hellenistic And Roman Philosophy.  Phronesis  60.2 (2015): 253-265. Web. Long, A. A.  Hellenistic Philosophy. New York: Scribner, 1974. Print. Sharples, R. W.  Stoics, Epicureans And Sceptics. London: Routledge, 1996. Print. VoudoureÌ„s, KoÌ„nstantinos IoÌ„annou.  Hellenistic Philosophy. Athens: International Center for Greek Philosophy and Culture, 1993. Print.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Reflection - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  as a health care provider, having spirituality assists in enhancing the confidence of the patients through meditation and prayer, which gives them, hope of healing and quick recovery. The spirituality aspect enhances the patient’s belief that the medication they are undergoing is going to be effective in curing them. It also serves to enable the health care provider, be in a position to offer pastoral counseling to the patients, which boosts their spirit and comforts them amidst their sad and lonely feeling. Being spiritual goes a long way to ensure that patients understand the connection between life and death, affording patients comfort even when they are on the verge of passing on, by making them accept death as a part of transition.  This paper discusses that the difference in dealing with acute and chronic patients spirituality is that while the acute patient’s spirituality is pointed towards accepting the fate of death, t he chronic patient’s spirituality is pointed towards giving them confidence that medication is going to restore their health. The need for spirituality in children and families is to enhance their acceptance of illnesses and find meaning in them, while evoking for their compassion and forgiveness towards each other. The reporter's vision of the role of a spiritual provider in patients spiritual needs have been changed to point to the direction of religious intercession.

BMW Films case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BMW Films - Case Study Example Besides â€Å"the hire† series, various options that the company can take in order to consolidate its marketing strategy are paramount in order to maintain its market position, and increase its success and performance in the automobile industry (Jham 2). Concerning a approach that can help consolidate the market position that BMW has had in their marketing and general growth, there is a need for the company to make a careful consideration of their previous action. â€Å"The hire† series were an essential step that gave the company huge growth after their introduction in terms of average sales as shown. Information from customers’ feedback has openly shown that they loved the approach and were fascinated by the driver character in the BMW films. As the company executive officer, there seem to be another opportunity in re-inventing the series. In this approach, the company should try to increase the amount of time, since people have been eager to know what happened of the driver in the films (Moon 10). Here is the catch, the company should re-edit the strategy and include other characters that advance the promotional objectives of the company, the results would surely be tremendous. The first option explains that the company should milk all the films available completely before re-introducing a new strategy. This is also the same idea in the second option; however, the third one talks of something a different, a new version of the films. Rejecting the first two arises from the fact that they may not be any different from the current BMW films approach, for this reason, the company may not achieve much. The forth option recommends for doing nothing, but watch as the events unfold, this is not a safe idea because other companies are trying their best to increase their market share, BMW therefore has a mandate to change its approach too. The issues of whether the

Thornton's Strategic Choices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Thornton's Strategic Choices - Essay Example 18 References 21 (Words 4997) 1. Introduction The identification of successful strategies is a key challenge for managers worldwide. Usually, the ability of managers to locate strategies that are able to respond to organizational needs is differentiated, according to the personal skills and perceptions. Also, each organization’s external environment is likely to affect, more or less, the progress of strategies of the particular organization. In this context, the establishment of an effective strategic management framework can help an organization to increase its efficiencies and stabilize its market position. Kew and Stredwick (2005) note that three are the key elements of all strategic management frameworks: ‘the strategic analysis, the strategic choice and the strategic implementation’ (Kew and Stredwick 2005, p.205). The first of these elements, i.e. the strategic analysis addresses the following two issues: ‘which is the organization’s current pos ition and where the organization wants to go’ (Kew and Stredwick 2005, p.205). At the next level, the strategic choice refers to the need for the identification of appropriate strategic options, as appropriate, for responding to the organization’s needs, as they have been identified through the strategic analysis process (Kew and Stredwick 2005). ... In 2011, the firm’s employees were estimated to 4,205 (Thornton, company website, investor relations 2012). The firm’s turnover in 2011 was estimated to ?218.26m, slightly increased to the turnover of 2010, which was estimated to ?214.55m (Thornton, company website, investor relations/ financial summary 2012). The firm’s performance during the last five years indicates that the organization has been able to face effectively the market challenges. Indeed, the turnover of the firm from 2007 up to 2011 has been changed, as presented in the table in Figure 1 below. Turnover of Thornton from 2007 to 2011 2007 ?185.99m 2008 ?208.12m 2009 ?214.80m 2010 ?214.55m 2011 ?218.26m Figure 1 - Turnover of Thornton from 2007 to 2011 (Source: company website, investor relations/ financial summary 2012) According to the figures presented in Figure 1 below, the organization has managed to achieve a continuous growth. However, if reviewed more carefully, the organization’s pe rformance has not been improved the last five years. More specifically, the organization’s profits have been significantly decreased in 2011, if compared to 2007, as also revealed through the table in Figure 2 below. Profits of Thornton from 2007 to 2011 2007 ?5.21m 2008 ?6.07m 2009 ?3.60m 2010 ?4.35m 2011 -?0.25m Figure 2 – Profits (after tax) of Thornton from 2007 to 2011 (Source: company website, investor relations/ financial summary 2012) At the same time, the number of the organization’s employees has been decreased in 2011, as compared to 2010; in 2010 the firm’s employees were 4,377 while in 2011 they were reduced to 4,205 (Thornton, company website, investor relations 2012). Also, problems in regard to the alignment

Gender, Consumption and the Media

Gender, Consumption and the Media Consumption is a social practice which subconsciously communicates ideas about gender. In turn, gender intersects with the realm of consumer behaviour as a cognitive, cultural and political construct (Ross, 2010, pp.13-39). In this instance, the media provides an important sphere to observe the social constructions of gender that, through routine, substantiates certain performances of gender (Hirschman Stern, 1994, pp. 576-81). Within the context of Home Box Office’s television series, Sex and the City (1998-2004, hereafter ‘SATC’), this paper will analyse contemporary depictions of femininity and demonstrate how these interpretations coincide with consumption. It will further discuss how gender fluidity allow the characters of SATC the liberty to transpire and transition between the essentialist attributes of feminine versus masculine, distorting the conventional boundaries and constructions of femininity when they consume homes, engage in consumption related to sex, and struggle with true love and marriage in their search for authenticity. Each character discovers approaches to simultaneously reconstruct and reinforce their gendered identities as they construct contemporary roles with the assistance of consumption. However, it is this consumption that can generate new tensions. The home is often associated with the gendered notions of the domestic sphere. Within the home, production and consumption are conventionally defined, with men buying the home and women buying for the home. This shapes the home as a site of patriarchal oppression and control (Schroeder Borgerson, 1998, pp. 105-231). However, Caldwell and Kleppe (2006, pp. 22-40) argue that household members can subvert, conform to, or negotiate ideas about gender. While discourses on home ownership are traditionally related to the marriage of a man and woman, SATC represents home ownership as allowing the female characters freedom to explore the expectations that are associated with conventional gender roles in the home and their personal desire to demarcate new gender roles as single women, without children, consuming living spaces. For Miranda, gender fluidity is communicated to encompass the power roles of men and women as professionals, lovers and homeowners. In light of this, Miranda experiences tensions when she confronts the vestiges of conventional gender roles when buying her home. Initially, Miranda had visualised that her acquirement of a home would satisfy her identity as an independent yet professionally accomplished single woman. However, the possession of a home for Miranda is shown to become imbued with sexism. This reflects the cultural assumption that a woman without children or a husband would simply not possess sufficient financial funds or knowledge to invest in real estate and would not consider purchasing her home ‘alone’. In effect, the challenge a woman’s achievement in the conventionally masculine, public sphere of work as a corporate lawyer poses leaves Miranda’s character insecure about her performance of femininity. Here, SATC communicates how the subversion of traditional feminine ideals will inevitably involve a negotiation of the gains of feminism. By purchasing a house without a man, Miranda is portrayed to challenge the norm which results in a self-reflective debate regarding her performance of femininity. Miranda’s experiences of tension demonstrate that changes to gender norms come slowly. The consumption related to domesticity and the home is therefore denoted in SATC as simultaneously liberating yet replete with tensions of the gender norms in everyday life. Another theme of gender that SATC communicates is how gender and consumption discourses are interlinked with the confines of sexuality. Gender is argued to be interlinked with sexuality as an individual’s gender guides their sexuality while at the same time an individual’s sexuality validates their gender (Fracher Kimmel 1995, p. 367). Schroeder and Zwick (2004, p. 34) argue that consumer behaviour regarding everyday products reflects on the messages of ‘sexuality, lifestyle and identity’. In SATC, themes of sexuality are intently interlinked with gender and consumption discourses although the cultural messages imbued in the consumption choices are neither essentialist nor direct. The women of SATC represent a contemporary adaptation of the single girl. This new standard for contemporary women is less fixed on chasing marriage as a fundamental end, but more focused on career and relationships. While stereotypical media representations of women primarily ex hibit traits of femininity as that of passivity and helplessness (Stole 2003, pp. 65-80), the narrative of single girls in SATC mirror the changes in the norms of femininity over time. For Samantha, her gender status as a single female and being the eldest of the four women, welcomes her attempts to control and preserve her youth through the performance of aesthetic labour (Pettinger, 2004, pp. 165-84). However, this narrative of Samantha struggling and worrying about her changing sexuality because of aging is brought to a halt when she realises the power her gender status provides her over the notions of beauty and youth. Samantha is characterised as empowering when she withstands the influence of the stereotypical images of female sexuality she is enveloped by as an exuberant consumer of fashion and executive-owner of a public relations firm. Through the characterisation of Samantha, the performance of female sexuality is suggested to involve an aesthetic that changes as a woman physically and emotionally matures. The aesthetic of femininity links female sexuality and power as SATC frames the aesthetic and its associated power to be about Samantha’s power to create and use it. In essence, Samantha embodies the tensions that emerge when a female must let go of youth and acknowledge her own power to determine her own beauty with age. In turn, the performance of female sexuality is highlighted to relate to consuming pleasure which may or may not involve sharing that pleasure with a man, either because men cannot provide it, or women prefer to experience the pleasure alone. Nonetheless, views of masculine power and predatory sexuality, the correlation sexual performance has with marriage and dating that will eventually result in marriage remain evident notions in SATC. This stresses gender as a social construct and how consumers will require time before being able to perform a more fluid notion of gender, without the anxiety, despite the idea of gender equality. SATC therefore communicates the tensions experienced by females that relate to these norms during their consumption of goods (for Samantha, the consideration of plastic surgery) which, in turn, affect the females’ performance of their sexuality and creating their desired gender identity. The final theme of gender communicated in SATC is the tension between an ongoing ambivalence for an authentic gender identity and the stereotyped female longing for true love and marriage. Potter (2010, p. 4) holds that authenticity and the consumption of true love and marriage is about individualism and a movement way from the masses to seek an individual gender status. However, consumption can never lead to an authentic gender identity because of what is consumed is considered to be inauthentic. As gender is a ‘natural and pre-cultural’ social construct (McCracken, 2008, p.186), the pursuit of an authentic gender identity and the performance of gender fluidity that may offer self-transformation and opportunities by being enacted through consumption may require the shelving of the authentic gender along the way. In SATC, the real self and the real love are framed as the female authenticity. By consuming to pursue authenticity, the female characters alter the power struc ture traditional gender roles have established through femininity’s contemporary self-sufficiency as the women of SATC discern between the fakes and real of love and self-knowledge. In Season 3, Charlotte escapes from the authenticity of New York City to experience the superficiality of Los Angeles. The change in setting allows Charlotte to reconsider the authenticity of the conservative gender messages she embodied in New York City. In effect, Charlotte is shown to become frustrated by her pursuits of authentic love and marriage as following the conventions of how to get married and pursue her views of true love and marriage to establish an authentic gender identity have been unsuccessful. Through the characterisation of Charlotte, SATC communicates the view of a conservative, gender identity where unmarried women should not have sex with their unmarried partner until after marriage. In effect, work, sexuality and consumption are conveyed as gender roles to be performed for the goal of true love, marriage and a gender identity. However, Charlotte’s later frustrations over her marriage with an impotent husband indicate that her pursuit of true love and ma rriage through following conventions may have, in itself, been inauthentic. This expresses the contemporary idea that gender identities in relationships are unstable and unscripted. Tensions between the conventional and contemporary norms are conveyed in SATC to be part of new gender performances yet the ending of fixed models or frames of references for true love, marriage and gender identity inherently creates anxiety. Constructions of gender in the media influence the understandings of gender in reality. These constructions provide points of analysis as they legitimise certain performances of gender and reflect broader discourses in society. The themes of gender in SATC focus on questions of the freedom of femininity and the changing notions of female sexuality in a dynamic social landscape. By examining SATC, insight is provided into the contemporary performativity of femininity in relation to consumption in public and traditionally masculine spheres. With the notions of family and work having changed in society, it has brought simultaneous changes in the understanding of gender roles. SATC provides a new independent woman, who despite subverts their traditional gender role, still struggles with similar issues prevalent in traditional notions of gender. The gender fluidity of post-feminism gives the characters of SATC the freedom to be multifaceted in their performances regarding consuming the ho me, experiencing sexuality and maintain and projecting an authentic self. However, this fluidity is often fraught with tensions between traditional models of gender and the gendered performances of the characters. The characters in SATC find ways to simultaneously re-establish and reinforce their gendered identities as they create and occupy new roles (with the aid of consumption) in a world of competing discourses of gender which are grounded in prior notions of femininity. Yet this consumption can lead to a sense of anxiety as well from the complex negotiations of gender expectations. References Caldwell, M. Kleppe, I. A. 2006, ‘Gender identity and perceptions of femininity in everyday life: A multi country study of contemporary young female achievers’, Gender and Consumer Behaviour, vol. 8, pp. 22–40. Fracher, J. Kimmel, M. 1995, ‘Hard issues and soft spots: Counselling men about sexuality’, Men’s Lives, pp. 365–74. Hirschman, E. C. Stern B. B. 1994, ‘Women as commodities: Prostitution as depicted in The Blue Angel, Pretty Baby and Pretty Woman’, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 21, pp. 576–81. McCracken, G. 2008, Transformations: Identity construction in contemporary culture, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Pettinger, L. 2004, ‘Brand culture and branded workers: Service work and aesthetic labour in fashion retail’, Consumption Markets Culture, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 165–84. Potter, A. 2010, The authenticity hoax: How we get lost finding ourselves, HarperCollins Publishers, New York. Ross, K. 2010, Gendered media: Women, men and identity politics, Rowman and Littlefield, Plymouth, pp. 13-39. Schroeder, J. E. Borgerson, J. L. 1998, ‘Marketing images of gender: A visual analysis’, Consumption Markets Culture, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 105–231. Schroeder, J. E. Zwick, D. 2004, ‘Mirrors of masculinity: Representation and identity in advertising images’, Consumption Markets Culture, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 21–52. Sex and the City 1998 – 2004, television series, HBO Original Programming, New York. Stole, I. L. 2003, ‘Televised consumption: Women, advertisers and the early daytime television industry’, Consumption Markets Culture, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 65–80.

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay -- essays resea

Organizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, this knowledge helps predict, understand and control organizational events. There are not two identical organizations. When you look for a job you look for a place that is comfortable to you. Organization behavior is the way we study the people of organizations. All depends on your choice of a small business or a business in the Fortune 500. The way the organization runs itself is something that you have to â€Å"fit in.† This essay is going to guide you through the many different termino logies and concepts. Organization learning is defined as, â€Å"the process of acquiring knowledge and utilizing information to adapt successfully to changing circumstances† (Schermerhorn 5). This course that we are taking is just one example of organization learning. There are people out there that study organization learning of the businesses out there. This is where you get your comparisons of different organizations. This course has made me look different at the organization that I work for. The world today i...

Chem 30 Lab

Hess Law Lab DESIGN Aspect 1:Problem: What is the molar enthalpy of formation of magnesium oxide? Variables: Manipulated: None Responding: None Controlled: Isolation of calorimeter, concentrations of substances involved. Aspect 2:Background Information: Assumptions: Specific heat capacity of water, we assume that the acid has the same qualities as water including heat capacity, and we assume the enthalpy of formation for magnesium oxide from the data booklet for theoretical value. Hess’s Law: Hess' law states that the energy change for any chemical or physical process is independent of the pathway or number of steps required to complete the process provided that the final and initial reaction conditions are the same. In other words, an energy change is path independent, only the initial and final states being of importance. Waste disposal and safety: Corrosive substance which causes severe but delayed burns. DO NOT INGEST. Avoid Inhalation. Dispose as instructed by the lab technician or the teacher. Aspect 3:Apparatus Diagram: Figure from Inquiry into chemistry textbook pg 352 Materials: †¢1. 00 mol/L HCl(aq) †¢MgO(s) powder †¢Magnesium ribbon †¢Simple calorimeter †¢100 mL graduated cylinder †¢Scoopula †¢Electric balance †¢Thermometer †¢Sand paper Procedure: 1. Mg(s)+ O2(g) MgO(s) 2. MgO(s)+2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2O(l) 3. Mg(s)+2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2(g) 4. H2(g)+ O2(g) H2O(l) + 285. 8kJ Part 1: Determining ? H of Reaction (2) 1. Set up the simple calorimeter refer to figure 9. 16 above. Using a graduated cylinder, add 100 mL of 1. 00mol/L HCl(aq) to the calorimeter. 2. Record the initial temperature of the HCl(aq) to the nearest tenth of a degree. 3. Find the mass of no more than 0. 80 grams of MgO(s) powder. Record exact mass. 4. Add the MgO(s) powder to the calorimeter containing the HCl(aq) swirl the solution gently, recording the highest temperature reached. 5. Dispose as directed by teacher. Part 2: Determining ? H of reaction (3) 1. Using a graduated cylinder, add 100mL of 1. 00mol/L HCl to the calorimeter. 2. Record initial temp. of hydrochloric acid to the nearest tenth of a degree. 3. If you are using magnesium ribbon, sand ribbon to desired mass. Determine mass no more than 0. 50 grams of magnesium. Record the exact mass. 4. Add the Mg(s) to the calorimeter containing the HCl(aq). Swirl the solution gently, recording the highest temperature, tf , reached. 5. Dispose as directed. DATA COLLECTION & PROCESSING (DCP) Aspect 1:Recording Raw Data: Temperature of hydrochloric acid and mass of Magnesium oxide Mass of Magnesium oxide (g)Initial Temperature ( °C)Final Temperature ( °C) 0. 7523. 5029. 50 Temperature of hydrochloric acid and mass of magnesium Mass of magnesium (g)Initial Temperature ( °C)Final Temperature ( °C) 0. 4824. 0045. 00 Aspect 2:Processing Raw Data: Enthalpy change of Magnesium oxide MgO(s)+2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2O(l) Q=mc? t ? t= 29. 50 °C-23. 50 °C? t = 6  °C Q= (0. 00075kg) x x 6 °C Q= 0. 018855kJ/mol MgO Enthalpy change of magnesium reaction Mg(s) +2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2(g) Q=mc? t ? t=45. 00 °C-24. 00 °C? t= 21 °C Q= (0. 00048kg) x x 21 °C Q= 0. 0422352kJ/mol Mg ?HH2O = -285. 8 kJ/mol (given in data booklet) ?Hrxn = 0. 018855kJ/mol MgO + 0. 0422352kJ/mol Mg + 285. 8kJ/mol H2O ?Hrxn = – [285. 86109] kJ/mol MgO ? H system = -? H surroundings %error= x 100% %error= %error= -52. 48%

Literature Review Essays

Literature Review Essays Literature Review Essay Literature Review Essay This review covers reading as a subject generally and also in L 2 environment. It further considers the various models of reading propounded by researchers and authors.   It also takes a look at differences between a reading strategy and a reading skill. It then outlines and classifies the various learning strategies in use. Specifically, it reviews strategies for reading, pre-reading, while reading and post-reading. It also delves into the strategies good readers use to get by. It further reviews available literature on strategic reading and teaching of reading strategies. The last segment of the review is devoted to difficulties encountered in teaching reading strategies.1.0 Reading:Reading as a subject has been defined in several ways by different people and organizations. WorldNet (2007) has defined reading in seven distinct ways. Two of the definitions relevant to our subject matter are given below:-a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reading is the â€Å" cogn itive process of understanding a written linguistic message†b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reading is a â€Å" mental representation of the meaning or significance of something†According to the Encyclopaedia, an adult reader can read and understand between 200 -1000 words per minute. Catherine Walter (2003), on the other hand, has given 300 words per minute as the optimal rate for processing prose. She added that for fluent adult readers, this rate is constant, regardless of whether the text was difficult or not.   Generally for young readers, the ability of one to read often depends on the rate of fixation of one’s eye on the words being read and also the difficulty of the material being. Reading is a core subject given greater emphasis in most schools throughout the world.2.0     Models of Reading:Two kinds (models) of processing are distinguishable in reading. These are the bottom-up processes and the Top-down processes. The former involves those that take in st imuli from the outside world in the form of letters and words for reading. Adherents of this theory (bottom up processing) focus on how readers extract information from the printed page. Whereas the latter, the uptake of information is guided by an individual’s prior knowledge and expectations. Proponents of this theory posits that readers form hypothesis about which words they would encounter and take in only enough visual information to test their hypothesis.   Acceptance or rejection of a given text is based primarily on what their formed hypothesis is all about. If the formed hypothesis is consistent with what has been read the material is readily accepted. On the other hand, if the read material is not in congruent, the material may be rejected. In practice, she added that, both processes (bottom-up and top-down) are tapped into to facilitate accurate and rapid processing of information.3.0     Reading in second language (L2):Studies undertaken by Schoonen, Hulstij n and Bosser (1998) on Dutch learners of the English language revealed that as proficiency grew, meta-cognitive knowledge contributed to a greater extent to reading comprehension skill acquisition. They further added that knowledge of textual characteristics and reading strategies played greater role in supporting the comprehension gained from reading. Sheory Mokhtari (2001) called their tool the â€Å"Survey of Reading Strategies† (SORS). In one of their studies, they assessed the differences in reading strategies between native speakers (US) and non-native speakers of English. The study revealed that ESL students reported a higher usage of strategies to get by than their US counterparts. Also, the ESL students reported using a greater number of supportive reading strategies. As an entire group, however, the study showed no significant gender differences. On the other hand, the female ESL students admitted using the strategy of underlining information in the text more their male colleagues (ESL students). Interestingly, students who gave themselves higher scores for reading ability also reported using a higher frequency of reading strategies than those readers who gave themselves a lower rating.Catherine Walter (2003) has pointed out that less skilled L2 readers do not necessarily have fewer strategies than skilled readers, but that they are less able to choose the most appropriate strategy for the problem at hand. On the basis of this knowledge, this author counselled teachers to help learners become aware of the strategies they use sometimes unknowingly when reading as well as other strategies available to them and how these strategies can be used selectively. From this account, we can learn that the problem with L2 readers are not so much about the lack of knowledge of reading strategies   but more importantly the ability to apply the most appropriate reading strategy for a given problem.   According to Catherine Walter (2003) several studies in volving L2 students have confirmed that those of them who engaged in extensive reading over a period of time showed significantly more improvement in L2 writing skills than the control groups, who did not practice extensive reading of any kind. She attributed this effect to the unconscious acquisition of the rhetorical conventions of L2 written genres.4.0     Reading Strategy   versus   Skill:Reading strategy is the plan the reader adopts to accomplish a given reading goal. Reading skills, on the other hand, is the reading ability acquired that enables the reader achieves a given reading goal. There are four strategies of reading a material effectively. First, they change their reading speed depending on the difficulty of the material. Secondly, they show a greater tendency to re-read the material, especially when the reading material is considered â€Å"hard†. Thirdly, good readers set for themselves a definite purpose for reading a given material. Fourthly, they ask themselves questions as they read the material. These strategies enable them to look for definite answers from the given text. Furthermore, it also increases their concentration and ability to draw meaning from the material read. They endeavour to visualize what the author is seeking to convey to them from the reading material.What separates good or successful readers from the poor ones often lies in the ability of the former to solve problems that relate to (a) difficult words (b) distractions (c) disagreements with the author (d) nervousness (e) lack of prior knowledge of the subject matter being read and (f) lack of definite purpose.With regards to difficult words, good readers try to re-read the previous sentence before them or try to substitute them to gain comprehension. Another means they employ to overcome difficult vocabulary is to write it down and find its meaning, as writing itself is a good way for recalling information read.The internet has become part and parcel of t he daily lives of many persons including L2 readers. Recognizing the increasing importance this information and communication medium plays in the lives of L2 readers, Anderson (2003) carried out a study to find out (a) The online reading strategies employed by second language readers. (b) Whether online reading strategies of English as a second language readers (ESL) differ from English as a foreign language reader (EFL). He found the under listed as the top twelve reading strategies most widely used. Of these strategies, eight (67 percent) were problem-solving ones, whilst the other four (33 percent) were global reading strategies.(a)   I try to get back on track when I lose concentration (problem-solving strategy).(b) When on-line text becomes difficult, I pay closer attention to what I am reading (problem-solving strategy).(c) I read slowly and carefully to make sure I understand what I am reading online (problem-solving strategy)(d) When I read online, I guess the meaning of u nknown words or phrases (problem-solving strategy)(e) I try to guess what the content of the online text is about when I read (Global strategy(f) I think about what I know to help me understand what I read online (Global strategy(g) I can distinguish between fact and opinion in online texts (Problem-solving strategy(h) I try to picture or visualize information to help me remember what I read online (Problem-solving strategy)(I) When reading online, I decide what to read closely and what to ignore (Global strategy)(j) I adjust my reading online (Problem-solving strategy)(k) I scan the online text to get a basic idea of whether it will serve my purposes before choosing to read it (Global strategy).This research worker also found that the only significant difference between EFL and ESL readers were in the use of problem-solving strategies. The former group reported a higher use of problem-solving strategies than their counterparts. The predominant reason assigned to these findings was that the differences between ERL and ESL learning environments were diminishing with the advent of the internet, the increased use of Radio, television and other information and communication technologies.5.0 Classification of learning strategies:Cohen (1996) has drawn attention to the fact that the differences in criteria of classification often cause inconsistencies and mismatches across existing taxonomies and other categorizations. According to Cohen (1996) some strategies are behavioural and can be directly observed, whereas others are mental and behavioural but which are not observable. There are other learning strategies that are purely mental. He also added that another approach by which learning strategies can be classified is to label them as belonging to ‘successful’ or ‘unsuccessful’ learners. Strategies are also distinguishable from one another according to whether they are cognitive, meta-cognitive, affective or social.6.0 Strategic Reading:St rategic reading simply means purposeful reading. This is the reading in which the reader adjusts his reading to a specific purpose he has in mind. He uses a variety of strategies and skills to pawn out meaning from what he is being read. According to Eduplace (2007) a strategy is a plan selected deliberately by the reader to accomplish a specific goal or complete a given task. When narrowed to the subject of reading, it means having a deliberate plan to accomplish a specific reading goal. When a reader or student is capable in selecting the use of strategy unconsciously, he achieves expertise in using that strategy (Eduplace, 2007). Apart from strategies, Eduplace (2007) affirms that expert readers use a number of comprehension and study skills to grasp meaning from the material being read. Research has shown that readers develop reading skills and strategies 7.0 Teaching reading Strategy:Reading strategies can be taught and learnt. When reading strategies are well grasped by the st udent or reader, they are able to draw meaning from what they read quickly. Reading in this wise become profitable. What sets good readers apart from poor ones are the strategies they adopt before, during and after reading. Whereas poor readers start reading without giving forethought to the reading process and topic, good readers make a deliberate effort to build their own prior knowledge about the topic. Zimmermann and Hutchins (2003) have identified seven strategies used by good readers to unlock meaning from a given text. These are: (a) They create mental images and also become emotionally involved with what they read (b) They use their relevant prior knowledge before, during and after reading to enhance their understanding of what they have read (c) They ask relevant questions to clarify meaning and also pay particular attention to what is important (d)They identify key ideas or themes as they read (f) They also synthesis information (g) They use fix-up strategies such as re-re ading, skipping ahead, asking questions, using a dictionary. These authors further pointed out that good readers use the same strategies whether they reading ‘soft’ material such as a magazine or a ‘hard’ text such as textbook. The goal of all reading instruction therefore is to help the student overcome reading difficulties and ultimately become expert readers. By becoming expert readers, it enables the student achieve independence and use the literacy for life-long learning. Taberski (2000) has described the strategies for teaching reading in primary schools. He presented a material organized around a series of interconnected interactions with the learner as assessment, demonstration, practice and response. He outlined the role of the teacher in this approach, how to set up the classroom environment, how to assess reading and also showed how effective strategies and skills could be demonstrated.8.0   Difficulties in   teaching reading strategies:Many researchers and authors have acknowledged the difficulties in teaching reading strategies (Anderson, 1999; Beers, 2003). Bereiter and Bird (1985) reported that analysis of protocols from adults thinking aloud while reading identified four potentially teachable strategies. This study involved eighty students in grades seven and eight. They found that neither strategy modelling and practice alone, nor question and answer comprehension activities were effective. They confirmed that even in the successful group, instruction was effective with only three of the strategies. Recounting her own trials and tribulations when helping seventh grade students to learn to read, Beers (2003) considered the difficulties involved in teaching reading strategies to students or pupils. She pointed out that even with high-quality reading instruction in the early grades, it is necessary for middle and high school teachers to help students refine, practice and in some cases, develop the skills of readers.A ccording to Anderson (1999) developing a personal philosophy of teaching can be difficult to many a teacher, if not totally elusive. He offered help with a philosophy built around the word ACTIVE, which serves as the organizing mnemonic. ACTIVE consists of the first letters of six of the eight elements of this approach as: A – Activate prior knowledge C – Cultivate vocabulary T – Teach for comprehension I – Increase reading rate V – Verify reading strategies E – Evaluate progress.The last two elements are: Consider the role of motivation and select the appropriate materials. Clearly, teachers that adopt this procedure can overcome some of the difficulties encountered in teaching reading strategies.Difficulties in teaching reading strategies can be traced to two sources, namely from the teachers’ end in impacting the knowledge in a manner that is easily understandable to the student and also from the student’s end in grasping th e knowledge being impacted. Clay (1985) has outlined ways and means by which reading difficulties of such students or pupils can be detected early and helped. She counselled that through systematic observation of reading behaviours and reading recovery procedures, such children could be helped with their reading problems. Hatcher, Hulme and Ellis (1994) reported of a study involving children experiencing difficulties in the early stages. They divided these seven year old poor readers into four groups and assigned them to one of three experimental teaching conditions such as (a) Reading with phonology (b) Reading alone (c) Phonology alone and (d) A control. They found that although the phonology alone group showed most improvement on phonological tasks, the reading with phonology group made most progress in reading. They concluded from the findings that interventions to boost phonological skills should be integrated with the teaching of reading if they are to be maximally effective i n improving literacy skills.

Taller Than He

Taller Than He Taller Than He Taller Than He By Maeve Maddox A reader questions the use of than him in the following statement: From 1970 on, his secretary Marie-Josà © Gros-Dubois, twenty years younger than him, was faithfully near his side. Asks the reader, Is this correct?or should it say â€Å"twenty years younger than he†? Whether than him is correct or not depends upon whether than is seen as a preposition or a conjunction. Since I cannot think of than as anything but a conjunction, the use of than him in this sentence strikes me as non-standard. The OED has listings for than as a demonstrative pronoun and as a conjunction, but not as a preposition. However, it does include a note about the use of than as a preposition and states that this use is now considered incorrect. Merriam-Webster, however, defends the use of than as a preposition. [than as a preposition is] used by speakers on all educational levels and by many reputable writers with the objective case form of the following pronoun when the first term in the comparison is the subject of a verb or the predicative complement after a copulative verb though disapproved by some grammarians except in the phrase than whom Bottom line: If youre writing for a British audience, dont ever write than him. If youre writing for an American audience, think twice about it. Written English is more conservative than spoken English. Speakers who think nothing of saying Shes taller than me in conversation may still cringe to see it in print. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the Future40 Fish IdiomsIf I Was vs. If I Were

Construction Industry in Sultanate of Oman Essay - 2

Construction Industry in Sultanate of Oman - Essay Example Legitimate sovereign government has the right to protect its citizens from internal and external aggression to ensure there is peace and order in the society. Therefore any rise of terror activities that work to instill fear and disrupt the peaceful environment should be dealt with swiftly (Duyvesteyn, 2004). The government therefore should not be limited to using non-violent means to protect its citizens. Rapoport (2004) notes that terror activities started towards the end of the nineteenth century as people tried to fill the void left by lack of social and political order. Currently, some of the government agencies that were set up to restore order in the society have failed to live up to the expectation resulting to unequal distribution of resources in the society (Murchadha, 2006). Therefore, to rise against such dictatorial regimes or challenge the status quo, violence against the government is reasonable and justified. To reduce the need for the people to engage in violent, legal procedures have been put in place for justice to prevail in the society. However, corrupt government officials at time create laws for their own selfish gains making the public to lose faith on the judicial system. Therefore, the presence of ineffective justice system justifies the use of violence to get a share of the scarce natural resources and bring an end to oppression (Murchadha, 2006). In addition, it is justifiable in self defense or to avert a life threatening situation which may not be urgently addressed through legal means. A thin line exists regarding as to when the use of violence is justifiable and when it is not. Under the pacifist perspective, it can be argued that the use of violence reduces the level of humanity and should never be justified. However, this view is insensitive to the people who may lose their lives at the hands of terror groups or dictatorial regimes. Thus to protect innocent lives by use of